Thursday, July 19, 2018

The Anatomy Of A Coffee Tree

Coffea, a member of the Rubiaceae family is responsible for the
biological heritage of “coffee.” The Rubiaceae family includes
more than 500 genera and 6,000 species of tropical trees and
shrubs.
DemitasseEspresso


It is doubtful the average person would recognize an actual
coffee tree. Most of us would recognize a roasted coffee bean.
Just in case you stumble upon something you think might be a
real coffee tree, here is a quick description of one:

Turska kava

•Pruned short in cultivation
•Capable of growing more than 30 feet high
•Generally covered with dark-green, waxy leaves that grow
opposite each other in pairs, although a coffee tree can also
have leaves that are purple or yellow (dark green is the
predominant color) The leaves may be 1 to 40 centimeters in size

•Coffee cherries grow along the tree’s branches (see below for a
description of coffee cherries)
•Coffee cherries bloom into flowering, fragrant, white blossoms
after about a year
•Because coffee cherries grow in a continuous cycle you might
see flowers, green fruit and ripe fruit at the same time on a
single tree

A coffee tree can live as long as 20 to 30 years. They are
capable of growing in a wide range of climates so long as the
climate does not have harsh fluctuations in temperature. Coffee
trees grow best in a rich soil and mild temperature with
frequent rain and shaded sun. Heavy frost will kill coffee
trees.

It is estimated that there are 25 to 100 species of coffee
plants. In the commercial coffee industry, there are two
important coffee species. These are:

•Arabica
•Canephora (more commonly called robusta)

Varieties of Coffea Arabica – C. Arabica include:

•Bourbon
•Typica
•Caturra
•Mundo
•Novo
•Tico
•San Ramon
•Jamaican Blue Mountain

The original coffee trees were discovered in Ethiopia. Coffea
Arabica comes from these original coffee trees. The coffee trees
in Ethiopia produce a fine, mild, aromatic coffee.  Over half of
the world’s coffee production originates from the coffee trees
in Ethiopia. Arabica coffees bring the highest prices in the
world market of coffee. Better arabicas are high grown coffees,
generally between 2,000 to 6,000 feet above sea level.

The Arabica coffee trees are costly to cultivate due to the
following factors:

•The terrain tends to be steep and access is difficult
•The Arabica coffee trees are more disease prone than robusta
coffee trees, which requires additional care and attention

Arabica coffee tree beans are flatter and more elongated than
robusta coffee tree beans and “lower in caffeine.”

Variety of Coffea canephora – C. canephora var. robusta include:


•Robusta

The robusta coffee tree tends to be hearty and is more disease
and parasite resistant. This makes the robusta coffee tree
easier and cheaper to cultivate. The robusta coffee tree is able
to withstand warmer climates and prefers constant temperatures
between 75 and 85 degrees. It needs about 60 inches of rainfall
per year and cannot stand up to a frost. Robusta beans produce a
coffee with a distinctive taste and about 50-60% more caffeine
than the Arabica coffee tree beans.

Most robusta coffee trees are grown in Central and Western
Africa, parts of Southeast Asia, which includes Indonesia and
Vietnam. Brazil is also a country in which the robusta coffee
tree is grown, however, Brazil accounts for only about 30
percent of the world market.

What does a “coffee cherry” look like? You will recognize a
“coffee cherry” by the following characteristics:

CoffeeBerry

•The outer skin of a coffee cherry is called the “exocarp”
•Beneath the exocarp is the “mesocarp,” which is a thin layer of
pulp
•This thin layer of pulp is followed by a slimy layer called the
“parenchyma”
•The beans themselves are covered in a parchment-like envelope
called the “endocarp” and more commonly called “the parchment”
•Inside the parchment, side-by side lie two beans
•Each of these beans are covered separately by another layer of
thin membrane or seed skin called “spermoderm”
•The spermoderm is generally referred to in the coffee trade as
the “silver skin.”

Source: The National Coffee Association

Most research today suggest drinking coffee in moderation is healthy.

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DISCLAIMER: THESE STATEMENTS HAVE NOT BEEN EVALUATED BY THE FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION. THE INFORMATION IN THIS ARTICLE IS NOT INTENDED TO DIAGNOSE, TREAT, CURE OR PREVENT ANY DISEASE. ALL HEALTH CONCERNS SHOULD BE ADDRESSED BY A QUALIFIED HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONAL.  THE ARTICLE CONTENT IS OFFERED AS A RESOURCE FOR HEALTHIER LIFESTYLES.



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